Horse Health: Understanding Foot Imbalances and Hind-Limb Lameness

Horses that are lame in the hindquarters might exhibit various signs such as swinging out their hind legs, side-slipping saddles, or resisting certain movements. In more severe cases, they may even avoid placing pressure on the affected limb. While the cause of hind-limb lameness can stem from various issues such as stifle injuries, tendon problems, or hock issues, recent research suggests that imbalances in the hind hooves could also be a contributing factor.

Specifically, imbalances in the hoof or its internal structures, such as the coffin bone, can lead to foot pain and subsequent lameness. These imbalances can also create issues higher up in the limb, affecting bones, joints, and soft tissues. Dr. Tracy Turner emphasizes the importance of addressing these hoof imbalances to prevent hind-limb lameness that may not initially seem related to the feet.

The angle of the distal phalanx, also known as the coffin bone, plays a crucial role in hoof balance. A healthy coffin bone should have a slight positive angle of about 2 to 5 degrees, with the bottom surface slanting slightly downward compared to the ground. When the coffin bone tilts in the wrong direction, it can lead to a broken-back hoof axis, causing strain on the deep digital flexor tendon and affecting the horse’s movement.

In addition to front-to-back imbalances, mediolateral imbalances can also contribute to hind-limb lameness. When the inside wall of the hoof grows higher than the outside wall, horses may rotate their legs inward, causing pressure on the inner side of the joints and leading to pain and inflammation.

Historically, hind-limb lameness has often been treated without considering potential foot imbalances. However, recent studies have highlighted the importance of addressing hoof imbalances to alleviate pain and lameness in the hind limbs. Dr. Turner’s research has shown a correlation between negative PADPs and conditions such as tarsitis and tenosynovitis of the distal DDFT sheath.

Diagnosing hoof imbalances in the hind feet involves radiographic imaging to visualize and measure angles accurately. X-rays provide valuable information for farriers to develop a treatment plan to correct imbalances gradually. Treatment options may include therapeutic trimming and shoeing to realign the foot and provide support as needed.

In conclusion, addressing hind hoof imbalances is crucial for maintaining healthy biomechanics and preventing lameness in horses. By correcting these imbalances through X-ray-guided farriery and appropriate treatment, horses can regain balance, soundness, and reduce their dependence on therapeutic interventions. Regular follow-up with hoof X-rays can help monitor progress and ensure the horse’s feet remain balanced over time.